Source
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Salmonella minnesota R595 (Re), R-type (rough/mutant) LPS.

TLRpure™
No detectable TLR4 independent activity: standardised potent TLR4-specific agonist.

Purity
≥99.9%. No detectable DNA, RNA and protein traces.

Purification Method
R-form (mutant/rough) LPS was isolated by phenol-chloroform-petroleum-ether method. Semi-purified LPS was subjected to further re-extraction cycles and ultracentrifugation steps, extensively electrodialysed before converted to its uniform sodium salt form to yield TLRpure™  LPS.

Concentration  
1mg/ml stabilised in sterile, double-distilled water (ddWater), without any additives.

Biological Activity
Optimal concentration is dependent upon cell type, species, desired activation and analysis: 0.05-1.0μg/ml. Does not activate any TLR other than TLR4 as tested up to 50μg/ml in relevant cellular systems (macrophages).

Shipping            
AMBIENT

Storage
+4°C

Handling Advice
Do not freeze. Prepare diluted LPS working solutions just prior to use, keep sterile. Ready-made solution is cell culture-grade. To yield a 100μg/ml (1,000-100x) stock solution add 100μl of LPS to 900μl endotoxin-free and sterile ddWater (Cat. No.: IAX-900-002) or 0.9% NaCl Solution (Cat. No.: IAX-900-003) and mix well.

Stability
Stable for at least 2 years after receipt when stored at +4°C.

We ensure that our products fulfill the following:

• Qualified Purity & Activity  
• High potency TLR4-specific Ligand
• Ultrapure (no detectable protein, RNA and DNA)
• Tested on TLR4 KO murine macrophages
• Standardised Aqueous Sterile Solution
• No purification or hazardous solubilisation
• Excellent lot-to-lot consistency